Filmmakers are able to encode messages through the “interplay” of dialogue, gestures, costumes, sets, lighting techniques, camera shots and movement, non-diegetic sound, editing, and many other important elements.
Steve Neale (1980) believed films were “signifying processes” full of “meanings and positions”. Video can’t be loaded because JavaScript is disabled: Lil Nas X – Old Town Road (Official Movie) ft.
